{"id":134407,"date":"2026-10-14T07:47:36","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T07:47:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/?p=134407"},"modified":"2026-10-14T07:47:39","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T07:47:39","slug":"greenhouse-five-key-factors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/2026\/10\/14\/greenhouse-five-key-factors\/","title":{"rendered":"From Seedling Emergence to Flowering and Fruiting, How to Effectively Control Five Key Environmental Variables for Greenhouse Crop Growth?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From seed emergence to flowering and fruit setting, greenhouse crops require suitable conditions at every stage. Five key environmental factors are involved, including CO\u2082 concentration, light, air temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure. Together, they affect photosynthesis, root, stem and leaf development, pollen viability, fruit expansion, and sugar accumulation. Research has shown that increasing CO\u2082 from 400 to 800 ppm raised average tomato fruit yield by about 8% and total soluble solids by about 6.2% under the tested conditions. Therefore, greenhouse environmental monitoring and effective control of these variables are essential for improving crop yield and quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"579\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-5-1030x579.png\" alt=\"From Seedling Emergence to Flowering and Fruiting, How to Effectively Control Five Key Environmental Variables for Greenhouse Crop Growth?\" class=\"wp-image-134408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-5-1030x579.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-5-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-5-32x18.png 32w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-5-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-5-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-5.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Happens from Seed to Fruit<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A plant first absorbs water and begins to germinate. It then emerges from the soil and develops its root system. During the vegetative stage, the roots, stems, and leaves continue to grow. This provides the foundation for photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation. The plant then enters the reproductive stage, which includes flower development, flowering, pollination, and fruit setting. Finally, the fruit expands, accumulates sugars, and ripens. Each stage has different requirements for CO\u2082, light, temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure. Therefore, these environmental factors should be continuously monitored and carefully controlled throughout the growing cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"579\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-3-1030x579.png\" alt=\"The Effects of Five Environmental Factors on Plant Growth\" class=\"wp-image-134409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-3-1030x579.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-3-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-3-32x18.png 32w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-3-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-3-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-3.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CO\u2082 Determines How Much Assimilate Leaves Can Produce<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CO\u2082 is an essential raw material for photosynthesis and the production of sugars and other assimilates. When CO\u2082 levels are too low, leaves fix less carbon. As a result, fewer assimilates are transported to the roots, stems, and fruits. This can restrict plant growth, fruit expansion, and sugar accumulation. Research on greenhouse tomatoes found that increasing CO\u2082 from 400 ppm to 800 ppm raised the average fruit yield per plant from 870.65 g to 940.60 g, an increase of about 8%. Total soluble solids also increased from 4.84 to 5.14 \u00b0Brix, or approximately 6.2%. Therefore, when light, water, and nutrients are sufficient, maintaining an appropriate CO\u2082 level can promote assimilate production and improve both tomato yield and sweetness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Light Influences Plant Structure and Fruiting Potential After Emergence<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Light provides energy for photosynthesis. In addition, light intensity, duration, and spectrum influence plant structure. Insufficient light can cause excessive internode elongation. It can also reduce leaf area, dry matter accumulation, and the supply of assimilates to flowers and fruits. A commercial greenhouse cucumber study found that plants without supplemental lighting had a leaf area index of 1.34 and a yield of 30.16 kg\/m\u00b2. With horticultural LED lighting, the leaf area index increased to 2.10, while yield reached 39.03 kg\/m\u00b2. The HPS treatment produced 42.86 kg\/m\u00b2, which was about 42% higher than the treatment without supplemental lighting. LED lighting also produced more compact plants with shorter internodes. Therefore, effective control of daily light exposure and lighting duration can improve plant structure after emergence and support greater fruiting potential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"579\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-4-1030x579.png\" alt=\"The Effects of Light on Plant Growth\" class=\"wp-image-134410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-4-1030x579.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-4-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-4-32x18.png 32w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-4-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-4-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-4.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Temperature Controls Crop Development from Emergence to Maturity<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Temperature is a key factor in crop development and production time. Tomato seeds take about 14 days to emerge at a substrate temperature of 15.6\u00b0C. However, emergence takes only about five days at 29.4\u00b0C. During pollination, night temperatures below 15.6\u00b0C or day temperatures above 29.4\u00b0C can reduce pollen germination and pollen tube growth. After fruit set, every 1\u00b0C decrease in temperature can extend fruit development by an average of 3.5 days. Different crops also respond differently to temperature. When the average temperature decreased from 20\u00b0C to 16.7\u00b0C, first flowering was delayed by 16 days in angelonia but by only five days in cold-tolerant snapdragon. Meanwhile, warmer days and cooler nights promote stem elongation. Cooler days and warmer nights can produce more compact plants. Reducing the average temperature from 20\u00b0C to 16.7\u00b0C delayed first flowering by 16 days in angelonia but by only five days in cold-tolerant snapdragon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Humidity Regulates Crop Transpiration, Fruit Expansion, and Condensation Risk<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Humidity should be evaluated together with temperature because both determine vapor pressure deficit (VPD). In greenhouse tomatoes, reducing midday VPD from 1.4 kPa to 0.8 kPa increased plant biomass by 17.3% and yield by 12.3%. However, increasing VPD from 1.6 kPa to 2.2 kPa reduced fruit fresh weight by about 10%, while total soluble solids increased. This suggests that higher \u00b0Brix may result from fruit water loss rather than greater dry matter accumulation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similar effects have been observed in other greenhouse crops. In sweet pepper production, combined evaporative cooling and shading reduced VPD, increasing marketable yield by 25% and irrigation water-use efficiency by 35%. However, higher humidity is not always beneficial. At relative humidity of 93% or above and temperatures of 12.8\u201318.3\u00b0C, Botrytis spores can germinate more easily if a moisture film remains on plants for 8\u201312 hours. Humidity control should therefore support normal transpiration and fruit expansion while preventing excessive water loss, prolonged high humidity, and nighttime condensation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"579\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-6-1030x579.png\" alt=\"The Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Plant Growth\" class=\"wp-image-134411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-6-1030x579.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-6-32x18.png 32w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-6-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-6-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-6-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-6.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Atmospheric Pressure Provides Weather Context for Greenhouse Climate Control<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Atmospheric pressure inside and outside a greenhouse is usually similar. Normal pressure changes have a much smaller direct effect on crops than CO\u2082, light, temperature, and humidity. Pressure monitoring mainly helps track weather changes. Low-pressure systems often bring clouds, rain, and wind, which can reduce greenhouse light levels and increase humidity and leaf condensation. This may reduce photosynthesis and increase the risk of Botrytis gray mold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">High-pressure systems usually bring more stable weather. However, clear conditions may cause daytime overheating or rapid nighttime cooling. By analysing pressure alongside temperature, humidity, light, and CO\u2082, growers can adjust ventilation, dehumidification, supplemental lighting, and irrigation in advance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Extremely low atmospheric pressure can directly affect gas diffusion, photosynthesis, and transpiration. For example, dwarf tomatoes produced different amounts of biomass and flowers at <strong>30, 50, and 100 kPa<\/strong>. These conditions are not typical of commercial greenhouses. Therefore, atmospheric pressure is best used for environmental warning and data interpretation rather than direct crop control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Can You Monitor Five Key Greenhouse Environmental Parameters in Real Time?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Understanding the importance of temperature, humidity, CO\u2082, light intensity, and atmospheric pressure is only the first step. The real challenge is continuously monitoring these parameters and using the data to guide ventilation, shading, irrigation, and other greenhouse management decisions. Traditional greenhouse inspections and handwritten records are time-consuming and may miss overnight humidity peaks, rapid daytime temperature increases, changes in CO\u2082 after ventilation, or environmental differences between growing zones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/SenseCAP-Combo-5-in-1-Sensor-with-4G-p-6906.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SenseCAP Combo 5-in-1 Sensor with 4G<\/a><\/strong> combines all five environmental measurements in a single device and uploads data directly through a 4G Cat.1 network, without requiring greenhouse Wi-Fi or an additional gateway. Growers can remotely view current readings and historical trends through the SenseCraft App or SenseCAP Portal, reducing repeated greenhouse visits while comparing environmental changes with ventilation, shading, and irrigation activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"495\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-2-1030x495.png\" alt=\"SenseCAP Combo Features and Functions\" class=\"wp-image-134412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-2-1030x495.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-2-32x15.png 32w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-2-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-2-768x369.png 768w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-2-1024x492.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-2.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Designed for long-term greenhouse deployment, the device features a 5,200 mAh rechargeable battery, up to 1 W solar charging, IPX5 protection, a UV-resistant enclosure, and flexible hanging or pole-mount installation. It can continue operating for more than two weeks when solar charging is unavailable or during a power outage. If the 4G connection is interrupted, the device can store up to 500,000 records locally and automatically upload them when connectivity returns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its Modbus-RTU RS485 interface supports up to 10 compatible external sensors. These sensors monitor soil or substrate moisture, temperature, EC, and other root-zone parameters. SenseCAP Combo combines these readings into a continuous environmental record that growers can expand with additional sensors. Compared with separate instruments and manual records, it helps growers reduce inspection time. Reliable data also helps them make informed greenhouse management decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"579\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-1-1030x579.png\" alt=\"SenseCAP Combo Key Features and Benefits\" class=\"wp-image-134413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-1-1030x579.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-1-32x18.png 32w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sensecombo_5-1_blog5-1.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Every greenhouse responds differently to changing weather, crop stages, and management practices. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/SenseCAP-Combo-5-in-1-Sensor-with-4G-p-6906.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SenseCAP Combo 5-in-1 Sensor<\/a><\/strong> helps growers turn these changes into visible, traceable information, making it easier to understand what is happening around their crops and evaluate whether each adjustment is working. It connects practical growing experience with continuous data, providing a clearer path toward more consistent, efficient, and informed greenhouse management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From seed emergence to flowering and fruit setting, greenhouse crops require suitable conditions at every<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3704,"featured_media":134408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"iawp_total_views":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[304,1258],"class_list":["post-134407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-iot","tag-sensecap"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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