{"id":15413,"date":"2017-03-23T11:21:06","date_gmt":"2017-03-23T03:21:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/?p=15413"},"modified":"2021-07-16T21:01:11","modified_gmt":"2021-07-16T13:01:11","slug":"pcb-material","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/2017\/03\/23\/pcb-material\/","title":{"rendered":"Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Material Types and Comparison"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The base material is an important part of printed circuit boards. It determines the PCB board&#8217;s performance and scope of application. Different products have different requirements for the PCB base material. With the development of electronic technology, the industry has to push the limits and overcome more and more challenges. None have been pushed to the extremes more than fiberglass copper clad laminates (CCL).<\/p>\n\n<h2>What are Copper Clad Laminates (CCL)?<\/h2>\nMost PCB boards are made of copper clad laminates, otherwise referred to as cores. The core is what gives the boards structure and can influence other properties such as thermal resistance and impedance.\n<h3>The structure of CCL<\/h3>\nCopper clad laminates consist of a sheet of fiberglass hardened with resin and copper foil laminated on one or both sides. The structure of the copper clad laminate can be divided into three layers: the substrate, copper foil and copper clad laminate adhesive:\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.seeedstudio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/The-composition-of-CCL.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-35265\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.seeedstudio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/The-composition-of-CCL.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"535\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/The-composition-of-CCL.png 1017w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/The-composition-of-CCL-300x94.png 300w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/The-composition-of-CCL-768x240.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 535px) 100vw, 535px\" \/><\/a>\n<h4><strong>1. Substrate<\/strong><\/h4>\nThe substrate for organic boards consists of an insulating material such as fiberglass or paper stacked together and impregnated with a synthetic resin. Many types of resins are used including phenolic resin, epoxy resin and polytetrafluroethylene.\n<h4><strong>2. Copper foil<\/strong><\/h4>\nThe copper foil plays an important part in circuit boards and in building the final copper thickness. The copper foil must have high conductivity and good weldability to help reduce the impedance of the circuit and facilitate welding of components. It is required that the surface of the copper foil shall not have scratches, blisters and wrinkles, the metal purity shall not be less than 99.8%, and the thickness error shall not exceed \u00b15um.<strong>\n<\/strong>\n<h4><strong>3. Adhesive<\/strong><\/h4>\nThe adhesive is key to maintaining a strong bond between the copper foil and substrate to prevent pads and traces from lifting during soldering and rough handling. The peel strength of the copper clad laminate is the measure of the adhesive&#8217;s strength.\n<h3>The role of CCL<\/h3>\nCCL mainly plays the role of interconnection, insulation and support in the PCB, and has a great influence on the transmission speed, energy loss and characteristic impedance of the signal in the circuit. Therefore, CCL largely determines the performance, quality, processability, manufacturing level, manufacturing cost, and long-term reliability and stability of the PCB.\n<h2>Types of CCL: Rigid CCL and Flexible CCL<\/h2>\nGenerally speaking, CCL can be divided into two categories: Rigid Copper Clad Laminate and Flexible Copper Clad Laminate.Rigid Copper Clad Laminate can be divided into different types according to different factors such as insulating material, thickness, and reinforcing material. There are also many different types of Flexible Copper Clad Laminate.\n<h3>Rigid Copper Clad Laminate<\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.seeedstudio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/timg.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-35267\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.seeedstudio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/timg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"434\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/timg.jpg 606w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/timg-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 434px) 100vw, 434px\" \/><\/a>\n<h4>Divided by insulating material and its structure<\/h4>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Organic resin copper clad laminate<\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Metal base (core) copper clad laminate<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nMetal-based copper clad laminates are generally composed of three parts: a metal substrate, an insulating medium, and a conductive layer (usually copper foil). That is, one or both sides of a metal substrate whose surface has been chemically or electrochemically treated are covered with an insulating dielectric layer and copper foil, and then composited by hot pressing.\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Ceramic base copper clad laminate<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThe ceramic base copper clad laminate is composed of a ceramic substrate, a bonding layer and a conductive layer (copper foil). There are many types of ceramics.\n<h4>Divided by the thickness of the CCL<\/h4>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Conventional board<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThe thickness of the conventional board is not less than 0.8mm.\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Thin board<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThe thickness of the thin plate is less than 0.8mm. However, the IPC standard defines the thickness of the thin plate to be less than 0.5mm. Epoxy resin glass fiber thin board can be used for punching processing, and glass fiber cloth thin board can be used for inner core board of multilayer PCB.\n<h4>Divided by reinforced materials used by CCL<\/h4>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Electronic glass fiber cloth base copper clad laminate<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nElectronic grade glass fiber cloth has the characteristics of good electrical insulation, fire retardant, waterproof, aging resistance, weather resistance, high strength and high modulus.\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Paper-based copper clad laminate<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThe paper-based copper clad laminate is made of impregnated fiber paper as a reinforcing material, impregnated with a resin solution and dried, then covered with glued copper foil, and then formed by high temperature and high pressure lamination.\nThe most common paper-based copper clad laminates are: FR-1, FR-2, FR-3, (flame retardant) and XPC, XXXPC (non-flame retardant).\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Composite base copper clad laminate<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nMainly refers to the insulating base material composed of two different reinforcing materials for the surface layer and the core layer.\n\nIn addition, different copper clad laminates can also be divided according to the insulating resin used in the copper clad laminate or according to the flame retardant grade and other some special properties.\n<h3>Flexible Copper Clad Laminate<\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.seeedstudio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Flexible-EMS-Silicon-Valley-950x720-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-35268\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.seeedstudio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Flexible-EMS-Silicon-Valley-950x720-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"475\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Flexible-EMS-Silicon-Valley-950x720-1.jpg 950w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Flexible-EMS-Silicon-Valley-950x720-1-300x227.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Flexible-EMS-Silicon-Valley-950x720-1-768x582.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><\/a>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Polyester film type (flame retardant and non-flame retardant)<\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Polyimide film type (flame retardant, non-flame retardant, two-layer method and three-layer method)<\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Ultra-thin electronic glass fiber cloth type<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Flammability of CCL<\/h2>\nFlammability is an important reference for evaluating PCB performance indicators. It is necessary to classify CCL based on flammability. According to flammability characteristics, we can divide PCB into UL-94 VO, UL-94 V1, UL-94 V2, UL-94 HB.\n<h4>UL-94 HB:<\/h4>\nNormal cardboard (non- fireproof, the lowest grade material, cannot be made as power plate). The UL 94 standard is a test method standard for the combustion performance of materials developed by the American Underwriters Laboratory. &#8220;UL94 HB Class&#8221; is the lowest level of the classification of the combustion performance of materials in the UL94 standard.\n<h4>UL-94 V0:<\/h4>\nflame retardant cardboard, 22F: single-sided fiber glass board CEM-1: single-sided fiber glass board CEM-3: double-sided half-glass board.\n<h2>High TG laminates<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">TG is the glass transition temperature, the temperature at which the material begins to soften and lose it&#8217;s rigidity. Another way of understanding the glass transition temperature is as the maximum temperature where the board is still rigid. It is lower than the melting point. A board with a higher TG can withstand higher operating temperatures without deforming or softening compared to a board with a lower TG rating.<\/p>\nRegular PCB material TG temperature is 130\u2103 to 135\u00b0C. High TG boards generally have a glass transition temperature greater than 170\u2103. Copper clad laminates with a TG temperature of 150\u00b0C are also common however, the higher the TG value, the more expensive the substrate.\n\nHigher TG materials are advantageous for boards to help withstand the higher temperatures required for lead-free assembly. Certain high level PCB manufacturing processes such as blind and buried vias, microvias also require greater heat resistance.\n<h2>Metal Clad Laminates<\/h2>\nAluminum boards use a different kind of core structure known as metal clad laminates (MCL) or metal cores (as in metal core PCB or MCPCB). The substrate consists of a metal, mainly aluminum which serves as the structural base and a heatsink as well. A thin layer of dielectric, typically FR4 prepreg with copper foil layer on top, is laminated on the other side. The prepreg serves to insulate the metal base from the circuitry.\n\nMost metal clad boards only have one copper layer, as increasing the layer count diminishes the heat conducting capabilities of the metal base. Double-sided aluminum boards are also very difficult to produce meaning the costs are much higher for lower performance.\n\nFor those looking to have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/fusion_pcb.html\">prototype or batch PCBs<\/a> manufactured, and need a specialised laminate, check out Seeed Fusion instant online quoting platform for a wide range of material options and costs. Contact Seeed Studio Fusion for more information.\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:separator {\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} --><\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-default\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><!-- \/wp:separator --> <!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The base material is an important part of printed circuit boards. It determines the PCB<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":15414,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"iawp_total_views":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[4],"class_list":["post-15413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-pcb"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Material Types and Comparison - Latest News from Seeed Studio<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/2017\/03\/23\/pcb-material\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Material Types and Comparison - Latest News from Seeed Studio\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The base material is an important part of printed circuit boards. 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