{"id":15939,"date":"2017-07-23T20:18:47","date_gmt":"2017-07-23T12:18:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/?p=15939"},"modified":"2020-03-26T12:51:27","modified_gmt":"2020-03-26T04:51:27","slug":"why-are-printed-circuit-boards-are-usually-green-in-colour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/2017\/07\/23\/why-are-printed-circuit-boards-are-usually-green-in-colour\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Are Printed Circuit Boards Usually Green In Color?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"background-color:#00946c;color:#ffffff\" class=\"has-text-color has-background\"><em>I see most printed circuit boards are green in color. I\u2019ve seen some blue and yellow boards, but not so many &#8211; so I have a question: Why are most PCBs green?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The above question is not only asked by electronics hobbyists but also questioned by engineers, so today let\u2019s unravel the mystery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What the green part of a circuit board is<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"687\" height=\"386\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.seeedstudio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/TIM\u622a\u56fe20180414001053.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16712\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/TIM\u622a\u56fe20180414001053.png 687w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/TIM\u622a\u56fe20180414001053-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p> A \u2018green\u2019 printed circuit board is not actually green all the way through. The only green part is the outer covering of resin called the solder mask or solder resist\/oil. This is a hardened resin with colored pigments that is applied to the boards in a silkscreen fashion. The purpose of solder mask is to protect the electronic traces underneath from moisture and dust and to control the flow of molten solder. The actual core of a typical <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/2017\/09\/20\/fr4-pcb-material\/\">FR-4 circuit board<\/a> is a plain, dull, yellow color, but the solder mask can come in many colors such as blue, red, yellow, black and white. Even more exotic colors can be found for the extravagant such as orange, pink, purple, matte versions and even mixed&nbsp;color boards. So, the question remains, why green? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Top Reasons Why Most PCBs are Green in Color<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Green can relieve visual fatigue and aid in inspections<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p> In the early days, due to technological restrictions, quality inspections relied on workers manually checking the boards with their bare eyes. Squinting at tiny circuits all days is tiring work, but neurologists and psychologists agree that the wavelength of green light has relaxing effects on the body and can reduce fatigue. Additionally, they have found that the sensors in human eyes, or cones, are most sensitive to green light. Therefore, the contrast is greater between the circuit traces, pads, silkscreen printing and empty spaces. Just by observing the boards from the outside, one can easily identify defects in the outer layers. Compare the below images of green boards to other colors such as blue, yellow or even black and white. With higher contrast, errors are easier to spot. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"193\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.seeedstudio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/TIM\u622a\u56fe20180414000316-1030x193.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29014\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/TIM\u622a\u56fe20180414000316-1030x193.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/TIM\u622a\u56fe20180414000316-300x56.png 300w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/TIM\u622a\u56fe20180414000316-768x144.png 768w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/TIM\u622a\u56fe20180414000316.png 1065w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><figcaption> <em>Black: Tilt me and you can see the circuit traces in the light. White: Traces..? What traces?<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Of course, nowadays PCB manufacturers use flying probe techniques and Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI) for these tasks, which is very effective in spotting errors. But there is another very important technical reason why most PCBs are green.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.  Green solder mask is physically superior <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Due to the traditional aspect of using green pigments, R&amp;D into making better solder mask oils focused on the standard green color. The actual chemical pigments used&nbsp;influence&nbsp;the performance of the resin during application and in the field. When demand is pushing form factors to their limits, no one cares about having pink boards. As a result, green solder mask now has superior properties compared to other aesthetically&nbsp;orientated colors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most&nbsp;prominently,&nbsp;commercial green&nbsp;solder mask is the only available color that can reliably produce <a href=\"http:\/\/support.seeedstudio.com\/knowledgebase\/articles\/1159990-solder-mask-dam\">solder mask dams<\/a> of 0.1mm (4mil). Next up is red, yellow and blue that can produce 0.12mm dams and then black and white which can typically only achieve 0.15mm. Solder mask dams are vital for ICs and fine pitch components since they are valuable in preventing solder bridges from forming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Did you know?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The green in most green soldermask oils comes from chlorine. Chlorine, along with Bromine, which is found in PCB substrates, are halogens which have a severely detrimental impact on health and the environment if disposed of inappropriately.&nbsp;Halogen free soldermask oils and substrates are available. For halogen free solder mask, you could just switch to another color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Bulk = Cheap<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Solder mask is typically applied using silkscreen techniques. A large blob of oil is dragged across a screen mesh with the circuit board underneath. The circuit board is removed for curing, and the next board goes under the mesh. But hey, hold on, I want another solder mask color. Well, then you have to remove the excess solder mask oil and wash the silkscreen before applying the new color. Otherwise, a silkscreen station is needed for each color. Furthermore, for white or lighter solder mask shades, you\u2019ll also need another station for the black silkscreen ink. The oils also don&#8217;t keep for very long. If you find that one color is not particularly popular, the chemicals will be wasted and efficiency will be impaired.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Similarly, some factories will not accept certain combinations of PCB features with colors other than green, since green is by default the most popular color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider this: typically, in a quickturn PCB fab house, many designs from various orders are grouped together on one panel (panelized). This way, they can make the most out of PCB real estate and reduce waste. But there are many processes that require the entire panel to be processed the same, like surface finishes and plating for castellated holes. So all boards on a particular panel must have the same requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By adding more and more specific features, the factory is more likely to end up with insufficient designs to fill a panel at one time. Adding factors such as solder mask color or board thickness into the picture multiplies the number of possible combinations, multiplies the waste and therefore increases cost. Even if the factory is willing to undertake your specific request, you may end up paying for the cost of the entire panel. So by restricting certain combinations of colors and features, factories can keep costs down.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Not to mention, developing a new solder mask oil that performs well as an electrical insulator, applies and adheres evenly, cures well <em>and<\/em> looks visually appealing is not a simple process. As such, expect to pay a premium for special requests like matte beige.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>So there are many reasons to love and not to love green. Which do you like best and why? Join our ongoing poll to pick your favorite below. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/fusion.html\">Seeed Fusion\u2019s PCB fabrication service<\/a> offers a good range of solder mask colors to suit your prototyping palette from <strong><span style=\"color: #105e7d;\">deep-sea blue<\/span><\/strong>, <strong><span style=\"color: #ff2f00;\">Ferrari red<\/span><\/strong>, <strong><span style=\"color: #ffcc00;\">sunshine yellow<\/span><\/strong>, <strong>slick black<\/strong>, <span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>pure white<\/strong><\/span> and of course <strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\">good<\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\">ol\u2019 green<\/span><\/strong> and at no extra cost.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Now, we have <strong>Matte Black<\/strong> solder mask oil available for all PCB production services for that extra high-end look.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/fusion_pcb.html\">Get an instant online quote now<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/fusion_pcb.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-16713 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.seeedstudio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/TIM\u622a\u56fe20180412235242.png\" alt=\"Free PCB Color Options\" width=\"945\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/TIM\u622a\u56fe20180412235242.png 945w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/TIM\u622a\u56fe20180412235242-300x157.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 945px) 100vw, 945px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<p><!--EndFragment--><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I see most printed circuit boards are green in color. I\u2019ve seen some blue and<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":197,"featured_media":16712,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"iawp_total_views":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[4],"class_list":["post-15939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-pcb"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Why Are Printed Circuit Boards Usually Green In Color? - Latest News from Seeed Studio<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/2017\/07\/23\/why-are-printed-circuit-boards-are-usually-green-in-colour\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why Are Printed Circuit Boards Usually Green In Color? - Latest News from Seeed Studio\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I see most printed circuit boards are green in color. 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