{"id":33507,"date":"2020-06-11T19:51:09","date_gmt":"2020-06-11T11:51:09","guid":{"rendered":"\/blog\/?p=33507"},"modified":"2024-05-23T06:45:07","modified_gmt":"2024-05-23T06:45:07","slug":"28-raspberry-pi-linux-commands-a-quick-guide-to-use-the-command-line-for-raspberry-pi-m","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/2020\/06\/11\/28-raspberry-pi-linux-commands-a-quick-guide-to-use-the-command-line-for-raspberry-pi-m\/","title":{"rendered":"28 Raspberry Pi Linux Commands: A Quick Guide to Use the Command Line for Raspberry Pi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"579\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.seeedstudio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/thumb-new-2-1030x579.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-33600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/thumb-new-2-1030x579.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/thumb-new-2-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/thumb-new-2-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/thumb-new-2-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/thumb-new-2.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When you get your hands on a Raspberry Pi for the very first time, you need to install an operating system with a Micro-SD card connected to it. Raspberry Pi not only supports their official Raspberry Pi OS on the Raspberry Pi but also various other flavors of Linux distributions. So once you install an operating system on a Raspberry Pi, there are different ways of interacting with it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Connecting a display through the HDMI connector to experience a user interface<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/2020\/06\/05\/a-new-way-to-log-in-to-your-raspberry-pi-no-usb-to-serial-cable-required-m\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Communicate through the serial interface (opens in a new tab)\">Communicate through the serial interface<\/a> <\/li><li>Communicate via an SSH connection remotely<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>When you connect to a display, you are presented with a user interface and it is easy to navigate around the operating system just like your personal computers. But when you make a connection through serial interface or remote SSH, you don\u2019t have a user interface as such. But instead, you will have to navigate around your Raspberry Pi via a command-line which is similar to the command prompt or PowerShell in a windows PC and terminal on a Macintosh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"697\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.seeedstudio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/term-1030x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-33546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/term-1030x697.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/term-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/term-768x520.png 768w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/term-1536x1039.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/term-1024x693.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/term.png 1596w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Using a command-line you normally instruct the Raspberry Pi to perform tasks by entering commands via your keyboard, which is different from the traditional way of interaction, which is using a mouse. You might think that it is much easier to connect a display and use a user interface to interact with a Raspberry Pi, but however, once you get familiar with the command-line, your workflow is going to be much faster and also you will have more control over your Raspberry Pi. You will be able to combine these commands together into scripts and run them to complete tasks more efficiently. Also, there could be projects where you need to deploy your Raspberry Pi in a different location and in this situation, command line is going to be very useful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This blog will help you get familiar with most of the useful commands that you will need in need to navigate through your Raspberry Pi and interact with it! Also, these commands will work with any Linux distribution on the Raspberry Pi and even any other systems running Linux!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Command-Line on the Raspberry Pi <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Once you log in to the command-line on your Raspberry Pi, the first line will start with the prompt <strong>pi@raspberrypi $. <\/strong>This indicates that you have successfully logged in to your Raspberry Pi. You can enter your commands in the commands line in front of this text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"661\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.seeedstudio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/RaspberryPi_boot.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-33508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/RaspberryPi_boot.png 661w, https:\/\/www.seeedstudio.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/RaspberryPi_boot-300x190.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Updating the system<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Once you turn on your Raspberry Pi,\nit\u2019s good practice to start off by updating your Raspberry Pi Operating System\nand it\u2019s sources to the latest version. You can type the following commands to\ndo so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>sudo apt-get update<\/li><li>sudo apt-get upgrade<\/li><li>sudo apt-get dist-upgrade<\/li><li>sudo rpi-update<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These commands can be entered one by one or they can also be combined as follows<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>sudo apt-get update &amp;&amp; sudo apt-get upgrade &amp;&amp; sudo apt-get dist-upgrade &amp;&amp; sudo rpi-update<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">Note: You enter \u201csudo\u201d at the beginning to tell the Raspberry Pi that you are entering the commands as a \u201croot\u201d user. This allows you to enter all the commands that are available within Linux without any restrictions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Navigating through files and folders<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There are a few commands that you can use in order to navigate through your files and folders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>pwd : <\/strong>stands for print working\ndirectory and it shows you in which directory you are at<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ls <\/strong>: it will list all contents\nof the directory you are at<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ls -l <\/strong>: it will list all the\ncontents of the directory you are at and show more details regarding the files<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>cd <\/strong>: it is used alone to come back to the root directory. However, if you use \u201ccd\u201d in combination with a name of another folder in the current directory, it will switch you to that directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">Example: <strong>cd pifiles<\/strong> will switch\nyou to a directory called \u201cpifiles\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>cd.. : <\/strong>it is used to move back from one directory to another<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Perform file and folder operations <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There are commands that you can use to perform functions such as making new folders, copying\/moving\/deleting files, and folders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>mkdir<\/strong>: it will create a new\ndirectory <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">Example: <strong>mkdir pidir<\/strong> will\ncreate a new directory, where \u201cpidir\u201d is the label of the directory. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>cp: <\/strong>this will help you to\ncopy files from one directory to another<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">Example:<strong> cp \/home\/pi\/new\/file.txt\n\/home\/pi\/project\/ <\/strong>will copy the file.txt from \/home\/pi\/new\/ directory and\npaste in to \/home\/pi\/project\/ directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>mv:<\/strong> this will act as a cut and paste command where the file will be moved from one directory to another. However, this command can be used to rename file names that are in the same directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">Example:<strong> mv \/home\/pi\/new\/file.txt\n\/home\/pi\/project\/ <\/strong>will move the file.txt from \/home\/pi\/new\/ directory to \/home\/pi\/project\/\ndirectory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">Example:<strong> mv oldproject.txt newproject.txt\n<\/strong>will change the file name from oldproject to newproject <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>rm: <\/strong>this will be useful to\ndelete files that you no longer need anymore<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">Example: <strong>rm testfile.txt<\/strong> will delete the testfile.txt from its directory<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>clear:<\/strong> this will clear up all the commands in the current screen and display a clean new screen.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Creating a new file and editing the content<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Once you create a file such as a text file, you might want to edit the contents inside this text file. For this, you might want to use a command-line text editor such as GNU Nano. By entering the command below you will be able to create a new file called newproject.txt or edit an existing file names newproject.txt and will be presented with a space to add content inside this file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\"><strong>nano newproject.txt<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can create or edit other types of files in the same way by just changing the file format such as newproject.py for python files and newproject.conf for configuration files<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once you create the newproject.txt text file, you will be able to navigate around the document using arrow keys and type content inside the document. Once you are done Press <strong>Ctrl+x<\/strong> &nbsp;on your keyboard and then press <strong>Y<\/strong> when it asks you whether to save it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Raspberry Pi hardware information<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes you might want to check\nthe hardware information on your Raspberry Pi and will be lost how to do so. Don\u2019t\nworry. You can use the commands below to check all the hardware information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>cat \/proc\/cpuinfo<\/strong> : displays the processor information<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>cat \/proc\/meminfo<\/strong> : displays the Raspberry Pi memory informaton<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>cat \/proc\/partitions<\/strong> : displays the size and number of partitions on your SD card <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>cat \/proc\/version<\/strong> : displays which version of the Pi you are using <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>vcgencmd measure_temp<\/strong> : shows the CPU temperature and it is important to check this if you are running heavy applications and want to monitor the temperature <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>free -o -h<\/strong> : this will display the available system memory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>top d1<\/strong> : This checks the CPU load and displays details for all cores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>df -h<\/strong> : this can be useful to check the amount of free disk space on your Raspberry Pi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>uptime<\/strong> : this displays the how long the Raspberry Pi was running and it\u2019s load average.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Troubleshoot Raspberry Pi hardware<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are looking for report on how\nthe CPU and RAM on the Raspberry Pi are being taken up by the running\nprocesses, you can enter the following command<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\"><strong>htop <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This will be useful to check whether\na particular app is running and also find out whether which apps are slowly down\nyour Raspberry Pi. You can press <strong>ctrl+c<\/strong> to exit from this window.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, if you are having issues with\nyour network, enter the following command to list about the networks that you\nare connected to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\"><strong>ifconfig<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are connected via Ethernet, check for eth0 section and if you are connected via Wi-Fi, check for wlan0 section. Also, you can have a look at your IP address. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Shutdown and restart your Raspberry Pi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There are a couple of commands that\nyou can use to instantly shutdown or restart your Raspberry Pi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>sudo shutdown -h now : <\/strong>This will immediately shut down your Raspberry Pi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">However, if you want a schedules shutdown in 2 hours for example, you should enter the command as follows <strong>sudo shutdown -02:00<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>sudo reboot : <\/strong>This will immediately restart your Raspberry Pi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We hope after following the above commands, you will get more comfortable using the command-line to interact with your Raspberry Pi. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction When you get your hands on a Raspberry Pi for the very first 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